Global Warming Essay -- Environment Global Warming Climate Change

Global Warming For the last 20 years or so the subject of global warming has spawned heated debate among the world’s brightest minds. Its causes and effects, if either actually exists, have been hotly debated. The most popular hypothesis is called the greenhouse effect with the agreed upon cause being green house gasses. These gasses are all naturally occurring and include water vapor, methane, oxygen, and the now infamous carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gasses exist in the atmosphere and have an effect on our global weather. They trap radiated heat and prevent it from exiting our atmosphere. This supposedly increases global temperatures and is, or will, cause melting of the polar ice caps. This in turn is expected to raise sea level and cause global coastal flooding. A brief geology lesson The world we live on is at least 4.6 billion years old. In that time span it has undergone immense changes. At one time most of the land surface was connected. The continents separated and migrated to their present positions. The force behind this is called plate tectonics. The sea floor is still spreading today and is the driving force for all of the earthquakes and volcanic activity that we experience today. Convection currents created by the tremendous heat and pressure of the inner core move the plates. This core is undergoing massive thermonuclear reactions. The heat produced migrates outward and the currents it produces move the plates. This process also releases enormous amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapor. This has been taking place since the Earth was formed. We know from geologic record that there have been numerous greenhouse and icehouse ages. The question is, is the greenhouse state caused by greenhouse gasses? Probably not, at least not entirely. There are several other factors involved - the most significant being the Milankovitch cycles. These are three cycles that describe the motion of the Earth through space. The first involves the Earth’s orbit around the sun. The orbit is not perfectly round, but elliptical. This means that at one point the Earth is closer to the sun than at other times. This cycle takes about 100,000 years to complete. The second cycle involves the tilt of the Earth’s axis. The Earth’s axis is currently tilted about 23.5 degrees. But this tilt is not constant. Throughout a period of about 40,000 years the tilt changes a f... ...een showing a downward trend since their peak in 1940. Satellite readings continue to show a decrease in temperature. They recorded 1997 as the coolest year since this technology has been implemented. This imagery was also accurate enough to predict â€Å"that â€Å"La Nina† would predominate in 1998, lowering global temperatures significantly"2. That same year Moscow recorded its coldest December in a century3. Conclusion This great world of ours has been around for a long time – at least 4.6 billion years. During that time untold and unimaginable changes have taken place. Countless icehouse and greenhouse ages have come and gone. Continents have been created, destroyed, and migrated over and over again. Thousands, perhaps millions, of species have come and gone. All this, and more, without any influence from man. In geologic terms we have been on this Earth for a very, very short time. The Earth evolves on a time scale that we cannot comprehend. It has developed a balance, a system of checks and balances, which we have little or no control over. To think that we can alter a global climate that has been 4.6 billion years in the making merely shows just how much we have yet to learn.

Marriage and Dowry Essay

Woman – a daughter, a sister, a wife and a grandmother, throughout her life she dreams of having a wonderful life, a life to see to it that her marks in the school will make her parents happy, a life to see to it that her husband stays healthy, a life to see to it that her children study for their exams and a life to die seeing others happy. She cares for others, more than herself, then why we see her so much vulnerable in every moment of her life. So many issues to talk about women, rape being the most popular issue on women in the present time, almost all the women, in India, are vulnerable to this offence. But just like rape, the dowry system has affected the women psychologically, physically and emotionally. The dowry system kills her like a slow poison. The custom of dowry, in India, has spread through the hierarchy of social stratification. Several feminists suggest that the practice was initially adopted by the upper castes, then over a period of time it has been passed down into lower castes, and eventually reaches the untouchables, the outcasts. As the sociological studies suggests, often lower groups intend to copy there dominant group in there society. India ranks 136, in Human Development Index, among 187 counties around the world. This show, the people in India are in very bad condition and more than half of the population lives in poverty. The reason for poverty in India, if we look historically, it is because of the caste system, which restricted half of the population, in India, to develop, as even in present time 66% of Dalits are poor, and if we look in present time, education has deprived the poor from getting a better standards of living. It is these poorer sections as well as the middle class of our country who, not being educated and having good standard of living are still governed by old customs and traditions and continue to practise the dowry system, were in the name of gifting the groom the bride’s family is put into debt. But even in many rich families too, this system is being followed, even though they are well educated. The sums of cash and goods involved, as dowry, are often so large that the payment can lead to vicious cycle of debt in the bridal family. This has a very bad effect on the lives of unmarried women who are considered as economic liabilities by their parents, this leads to preference of boy over girl, leading to female infanticide and among the married women; they are physically and mentally harmed by their husbands and his family members, if promised dowry are not forthcoming. Modernization in India has became a barrier to many customs to be continued, like the caste system, the child marriage etc. but modernization has also lead to increase in practise of certain customs which were restricted to certain communities, as mentioned above. When we see caste, dowry and modernization, they are all inter linked with each other. With modernization, individual is not restricted to do his caste occupation and has chances to have good standard of living. Since new income and earning opportunities, brought about by modernization, are predominantly filled by men, there price tag of dowry increased. After analysing the historical developments of dowry system among the people in India, who are governed under Hindu law, now let us look at the Muslims, who are the 2nd largest population in India. Despite the fact that Islam’s beauty lies in simplicity and it recommends simple marriage, some transgressions such as dowry have crept into Muslim society in a wide range. When we look through Quran, we come across â€Å"Mahr†. According to â€Å"mahr† it is a mandatory payment, in the form of money or possessions paid by the groom, or by groom’s father, to the bride at the time of marriage that legally becomes bride’s property. But as time has passed by, Muslims have changed their character and are following their Hindu counterparts in demanding and offering dowry both, in heavy cash and kind. The competition among the rich and well-to-do section of the Muslim community to reserve a good match for their daughters for whatever the demand is, has increased. Education has hardly has any influence on the minds of the people in respect of dowry. On the contrary, a highly educated man expects a higher amount of dowry, just as it happens among the Hindus. The violence committed on women, for dowry, has increased in recent times. If we observe properly, as to why this dowry violence takes place, we can see a broader picture. The reason for dowry is mainly because the women are seen as less productive than man, concept of dowry itself shows that one’s gender determines one’s worth. The roots of this deficiency can be seen were even a bride, who may be well educated and earning than her husband, will still have to pay the dowry price, just like the other bride who is not educated and not earning. And in some instances too, were even if demands for dowry were to be satisfied fully, young women would continue to face torture and harassment in their in-laws homes because of women’s custom-sanctioned-inferiority. Dowry deaths are example of patriarchal authority. In some cases, the patriarchal authority expresses itself by murdering the young women by burning with kerosene (most frequent in urban areas) or drowning (common in rural areas). Other methods employed to murder include poisoning and physical battery. These facts and historical development shows that it is because of the disrespect and uncultured behaviour that we show towards women, has lead to female infanticide, uneducated girls, sexual harassment, dowry system, heavy debt in bride’s family and domestic violence. Let us all respect women, and treat them has equals, because only this solution, will lead to abolishment of many social evils against women.

Impacts of the Black Death - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1961 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Black Death Essay Did you like this example? The Black Death or also known as The Black Plague is an infectious disease caused by bacteria called Yersinia pestis. According to Medicinenet.com It is a bacteria found mainly in rodents such as rats and particularly in the fleas that feed on them. The disease with an unknown origin had reached Europe in the late 1340s. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impacts of the Black Death" essay for you Create order It was estimated to have killed 25 million people within years and lingered around for centuries in many cities. The disease was known as the Black Death which was a suitable name due to the symptoms that appeared on the sick. Large, black, pustule filled boils would appear on the body, usually in the armpit and groin of the infected person shortly before death. This disease was not specific to one type of person or status. According to a book called the Black Death: A Turning Point in History?, it killed young and old, rich or poor, nobleman or peasant, everyone was affected by the Black Plague. In this paper, I will be exploring how the Black Plague impacted Europe in terms of trade, economy, social status, religion, art, and the institution of a new medical protocol and procedure called quarantine. The first way the Black Death impacted Europe was in terms of trade. According to khan Academy, Europes growing stability allowed extensive trade between East and West and within itself. Goods were traded throughout Italy, Europe, China, Constantinople, and the Greek Islands. Venice and Genoa had trading ports in the eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Historians found that Italy was a major trading post for general trade, and possibly through the use of it, the Black death was most likely spread. The infected fleas were either hiding in the goods like silk and other materials that were being traded or transported on the backs of rats that would hide on their ships or their carts. Ironically, according to an article on Prezi.com, Europe had advances and new methods of trading such as improved ships. Europe was now opening up new trade routes that ranged from Asia to Africa. But these new and improved ships and their new routes caused the black death to spread more rapidly and mo re effectively, so much that by the end of the year, trading had dropped by ninety- three percent. Furthermore, according to the book The Black Death: Turning Points In World History, there were many attempts to stop the spread of this disease. New methods and restrictions were placed during mid-fifteenth-century that banned travel and trade from the diseased regions was the very first account of basic quarantine measures. Rulers of regions passed laws that no one could harbor outsiders that traveled to plagued ridden towns or if one was from a plague-infected household they were not allowed to move anywhere else. They tried separating people that had passed through disease territories from their merchandise to prevent a plague from spreading into a territory. But it was limited to those individuals that traveled through a plagued area and not the residents of towns. However, true nautical quarantine was not possible at the time to prevent the spreading of the plague to inland cities and towns. These measures may have served to give a grid of information about regions and cities that were safe from the plague, but it was still far from being a flawless system. Some cities adopted the law that if one that was stricken was taken outside the city walls and left to die. It was treated almost the same as leprosy was in earlier centuries. If someone died of the plague, it prohibited the movement of household goods from the residence. ECONOMY /SOCIAL STATUS Another way The Black Death affected Europe was the economically and in its social status. As stated by Brown University, the Black Death affected both the economy and the social statuses of people in Europe in a drastic way. For starters, the economy became inflated abruptly and because it was deadly to obtain goods through trading and to produce them as well, prices of locally produced and imported goods started to become extremely high. This, in turn, affected everyone in Europe, even the peasants. The demand for workers became so high that peasantry no longer could serve one master and when they left a land, another lord would hire them immediately. The lords eventually had to make changes that could make the situation more lucrative for the peasants in order to keep them from leaving the land. According to The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages, a law was created by King Edward III in 1351 to counteract the shortage of laborers. It was intended to stifle the labor force by pr eventing wage increase and halt workers from leaving their homes in search of better working conditions. This law was called The Statute of Laborers (1351). One reason for this law was due to many peasants were able to increase their income by obtaining wealth, land, stock and property that was left behind from the death of rich or more affluent citizens. Homes and livestock were left to be claimed by all that was living. Court administrators were dead and therefore it was minimal ways to disprove ownership. Some of the living acquired so much wealth that they began splurging on various unholy and immoral indulgences, such as prostitutes and alcohol. According to a book on the Black Death from the Turning Points in World History series, the legal systems of late medieval Europe had to respond to the social situation created by the epidemic. Under the conditions of the plague at the time, certain privileges went into effect. Women could now serve as witnesses and scribes. They were previously unable to be formally admitted into the guild of notaries and could not draw up legal contracts. At this point in time, desperate needs called for desperate measures and society needed certain services and they soon had to allow unlicensed people or people believed to be incompetent to perform them. Also, price movements in Europe provide the best evidence of directions for economic trends during this time. The most immediate effect on the economy from the Black Death was producing general inflation. A quote from Florentine Matteo Villani in 1363 says, It was thought that there ought to be wealth and abundance of clothing, and of all the other things that the human body needs. But the opposite happened. Most things cost two times or more what they cost before the epidemic. And labor and the manufacturers of every art and profession increased in a disorderly fashion to double the price. The prices of animal products- meat sausage, cheese and others also remained high as well. In a summary, the Black Death impacted the economy as the standard of living became significantly higher. Furthermore, because the upper class or the nobility attempted to ignore the changes brought on by the Black Death, the peasantry of Northern France in 1358 rioted and eventually in 1378, oppressed guild members revolted. As a result, the social and economic structure that was in Europe was forever changed. RELIGION The Black Death also affected religion greatly in Europe. Livescience.com says that during the Black Death pandemic, there started to be a distrust in God and the church. People saw that despite their religious beliefs, the Black Death continued to spread, killing their loved ones and family members, and in turn, they started to question the relevance of both. Also, since so many priests ended up dying from the Black Death, church services in many areas stopped. According to the same book on the Black Death that is from the Turning Points in World History Series, people began to believe that the Black Death was a punishment sent by God and in turn, they would have to show that they have seen the error of their sinful ways through a form of self-punishment. The book also stated that the anchorites of the early Christian era made their sufferings into a form of worship, the tradition then continuing in other various monastic communities. The first public demonstration of self-punishment as means of appeasing the wrath of God was led by a Perugian hermit named Rainiero in 1260, and the practice soon spread all over Italy. There was even a brotherhood of Flagellants, first appearing in Dresden, in Lent of 1349 than in Lubeck, Hamburg, Magdeburg, and all over central Europe. They were regarded by citizens and themselves as lambs of God- bearing the sins of the earth. Flagellants were also regarded as heroes, whipping themselves and asking for Gods mercy on the behalf of the less courageous sinners. Furthermore, the book mentioned that the Jews were very much persecuted during the plague by the early Church. They became an object of hate as the Mosaic law at the time made them a perpetual insult to the newly established churches and a danger that must be distinct and apart from their Christian community. In fact, on January 9th, 1349, in Basel there was a whole community of several hundred Jews was burned in a wooden house specially constructed for that purpose on an island in the Rhine, and afterward, a decree was passed stating that no Jew should be allowed to settle in Basel for 200 years. The persecution of the Jewish people eventually got so bad that at Worms in March 1349 the Jewish community of 400 turned to an old tradition and burned themselves to death inside their own houses rather than be killed by their enemies. ART The last way the Black death affected Europe was through its art. It took the lives of some of the greatest Italian painters. Literature started to become more dark and dismal. Stories depicting death and sickness was rapidly being produced. Even many songs and musicals were all about death and despair. Many artists such as the Lorenzetti brothers of Siena, did not get a chance to benefit financially from their art. Most became famous years after their early and untimely death. According to Montana University, the epidemic impacted Europe in such devastating ways that it left a sense of unmistakable sadness and despair. This eventually had manifested itself into the creativity of artists during this time of hardship, sometimes using their own personal experience with death. A common trend in artwork during this period was scenes of a person laying on their deathbed, a dying man or woman surrounded by some kind of social ceremony. Also, artists started depicting sick people alone in a room with the presence of death which is generally represented by an angel or decomposing skeleton. In many of these early paintings or sculptures during this time, death was also depicted as a form of a passage between life and illuminationperhaps to give people some thoughts of comfort as they very well may face a probable horrible death of one day. This is a painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder. In my opinion, I believe that this painting represents the confusion, despair, and the sense of total chaos during the plague in European society as it had totally shifted the natural order of things there. Furthermore, this is another painting called Danse Macabre or dance of death. In my opinion, I believe this shows that death at this point was starting to become a normal part of life in Europe and that people were unwillingly starting to accept it as the skeletons in the painting are still doing the things they would be doing if they were still alive, like dancing or playing an instrument. In conclusion, the Black Death clearly affected Europe in harsh ways, changing it forever, through its trade, economy and social status of people within the country, religion, art, and even resulted in the first attempts at quarantine.

Collaboration in My Home Group - 858 Words

My Contribution Paper Collaboration consists of a few fundamental components such as the willingness to listen and learn from each other, sharing one’s own ideas and perspectives, having respect for each other, working together to achieve a common goal, and being responsible for the self and the whole group. A group has to collaborate in order to deliberate and achieve their common goal because the three phases of deliberation: information gathering, decision-making, and reflection, all refer back to the ability to collaborate with each other. While working in a group, group members should always work toward the goal of becoming a good leader, â€Å"a person who makes the groups she or he works in better† (Practice Deliberation as Citizenship, Gene Edgar) by being a responsible and respectful group member, and also being someone who is willing to go the extra miles to make sure everyone in the group is feeling comfortable presenting their ideas in the group. While wor king in my Home group this quarter, we have came up with a few norms, such as do not interrupt when someone else is talking, be accepting of everyone’s opinion, debate ideas not people, help each other, be responsible for one’s own assigned roles and tasks, give everyone a chance to talk and participate, be flexible when doing group work, try to be on time, try to participate in each discussion topic, and be prepared before class. All of these norms tied back to the fundamental components of collaboration thatShow MoreRelatedEssay about Community Nursing and Interprofessional Collaboration945 Words   |  4 Pagesexperienced and witnessed the process for interprofessional collaboration between the community nurse and other professionals that I have never knew about before. This event made me realize that there are many aspects of community nursing that I have knew about before where in this situation it is the importance and accountability of interprofessional collabo ration. 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An Analysis Of Flannery O Connor s A Good Man - 1425 Words

Bakane Franca Dr. Lorna Wiedmann English 202-025 December 12, 2014 The Devious Grandmother Have you ever noticed that, many individuals never awaken to reality unless they are exposed to violence? In Flannery O’Connor’s short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† his main character, the grandmother is a master manipulator. In the story, a family is destroyed not only because of accidents caused by the grandmother, but also because the grandmother is inconsiderate and self-centered; they are all killed because they meet a murderer who also is unable to see beyond his own insights and choices. Her manipulative capabilities, her selfish, self-centeredness and her Southern lady nature are all examples of her deceitful role. The grandmother is the master manipulator in this story. She tries to get anything she wants even if it means putting others’ lives in danger and by manipulating others to make her point. The grandmother after several attempts of trying to get attention from her son, Bailey and her daughter in-law, but to no avail, she decided to go see a plantation knowing that Bailey would not pay attention to her, she then turns to the children and lies about a secret panel, â€Å"There was a secrete panel in this house, and the story went that all the family’s silver was hidden in it when Sherman came through but it was never found† (O’Connor 312), she knows if she lies to the kids it will cause them to throwing a fit in the car which will in turn draw Bailey’s attention toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Flannery O Connor s A Good Man Is Hard Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Analysis for A Good Man is Hard to Find Flannery O Connor s A Good Man is Hard to Find is certainly a surprising work of literature. With this story having a not so happy ending, it goes against all of the conventional ideas on what a typical storybook ending should be. 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The story opens with the grandmother, also being the main character, trying to convince her son, Bailey, not to go to Florida; she had just read an article about a recently escaped convict, the Misfit, who was supposedly headingRead More Analysis of A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor In Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard To Find, one is struck by the unexpected violence at the end of the story. However, if you re-read the story a second time, you will see definite signs that foreshadow the grotesque ending. The story begins with the typical nuclear family being challenged by the grandmother who doesnt want to take the vacation to Florida. She has read about a crazed killer by the name of the MisfitRead MoreCritical Analysis Of A Good Man Is Hard To Find By Flannery OConnor1573 Words   |  7 PagesFlannery O Connor was often shocked to find how people interpreted her stories. Some readers of A Good Man is Hard to Find believed the grandmother was evil, even a witch. Soon O Connor set out, quite explicitly, in letters and lectures to detail the theology of the story and the importance of the grandmother as an agent of grace. In a letter to John Hawkes, she explained how violence and grace come together: More than in the Devil I am interested in the indication of Grace, the moment when youRead MoreCritical Analysis Of A Good Man Is Hard To Find1781 Words   |  8 Pagesbetween how O Connor is often read and how she claimed she should be read cannot simply be explained by her theology of grace or by the lack of religious feeling among readers. Critical opinion over the years has tended to line up behind O Connor s own explanations; however, O Connor s analysis of A Good Man Is Hard to Find still seems baffling and occasionally a critic has questioned the theology of the fiction. Andre Bleikasten, focusing on O Connor s novels, claimed that the truth of O ConnorRead MoreFlannery O Connor s Good Country People935 Words   |  4 PagesFlannery O Connor s Good Country People and Nathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown explore the nature and range of religious hypocrisy congruently. Comparably O Connor s theme focuses on the eclipsed personalities one can have, where Hawthorne s short story pushes the meaning that everyone is secretly corrupt in their own way. While each tale marches to its own tune, the overlap is prominent; both authors strive to make a clear stance that the moral standing of an individual is only

Elementary Ethnography in the Movies Free Essays

A not-so-usual moviegoer can create streams of thought inside the movie house, and the experience of being inside that large, dark hollow can be a quite vivid experience more than the plot of the film in the taking. This is the fine point of tangency of the two essays (sic) â€Å"The Magic of Moviegoing† (essay 1) and â€Å"Sit Down and Shut Up or Don’t Sit by Me† (essay 2). Besides this point of tangency, we see more divergence than convergence for the two essays. We will write a custom essay sample on Elementary Ethnography in the Movies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Basically, the two essays intentionally or unintentionally teach a lesson of simple social research. Employing the method of ethnography, Essay one draws up a conclusion of movie-going having several rituals in the process. This observation is characteristic of functionalist remark where daily human behavior is made up of different rituals, which serve its â€Å"function† or purpose.   Meanwhile, essay two utilizes the same observation method, but maintains the objective of watching a movie rather than remaining true to the objective research of the social science in action happening right before the author’s eyes. Ethnography employs participant observation – a process where â€Å"the researcher enters the group or situation that he or she is studying†¦to try to understand the motives and meanings of the group of people they are studying.†Ã‚   (Walsh, 2001: 67) The author of essay one amused himself for his discoveries inside the movie house as a participant observer. He says about the movie going ritual: â€Å"But there’s another question, equally interesting, that seldom gets examined or even asked. It’s not the What but the How of the matter: How do we watch the movies? How do we behave during this pop rite of going to the picture show?† The same amusement goes with the author of the second essay. He says of putting on the shoes of a famous socio-anthropologist, â€Å"I’ve amused myself with a Margaret Mead-like study of the way people come in and take their seats and their antics during the movie.† Analyzing from the point-of-view of the social research process, Essay one sticks with the object of the study – the group or the audience. Meanwhile, essay two keeps its observation only before the start of the film and shifts attention after the start of the film, thereby losing the consistency and intent of the study.   Thus, a small lesson for the student conducting a social research: be clear with your objective and remain objective with the study. Observations made in Essay one reflects behavior of people as a group or more formally, social psychology. Meaning, people act differently as an individual and as a group. The author realizes this by saying thus, â€Å"(the) convergence of disparate people turns into an audience.† Clearly, this is the reason why he posits that film viewing in the sala set is bland and lacking of the necessary effects to rival the vividness of experience and intensity of film viewing as a social experience. However, the first essay is quick to respond to the need of the second essay for attentiveness and ethics in watching movies. It said that, â€Å"when we are most truly alone, we are most truly an audience.† The author of the second essay would have been happy to know that the author of the former agrees with the point of etiquette inside the movie houses. Albeit implicitly, we are sure that second essay agrees that some sort of collective and social interaction during the movie proper is necessary to make the experience more fulfilling. In the whole, the two essays request the attention of movie buffs and the uninitiated alike.   One can be a student of sociology just by doing a thing we like most. A movie house can be a place full of lessons for the social research process. The catch is that one must have a keen eye and good sense of observation to capture life moments and scenes outside of the silver screen. REFERENCES: Atkinson, R. L., Atkinson, R.C., Smith, E., Bem, D., Nolen-Hoeksma, S. (1953). Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology, 628-638. Walsh, M. (2001). Research Made Real: A Guide for Students, 66-68.    How to cite Elementary Ethnography in the Movies, Essay examples

Individual Reflection Communication

Question: Discuss about the Individual Reflection Communication. Answer: Introduction: Effective business communication plays a crucial role in the achievement of set goals.The manner by which people within an organization communicate to each other matter a lot in the realization of set goals (Boud, 2013). From my experience, there is no firm that can excel in the existence of poor communication skills. The ability to gain a competitive advantage over the rivaling businesses and position firmly in the market for a wider customer base depends on the company's communication approach to customers. After learning the significance of communication within the workplace, I realized that the order of command when passing information from one level should be well defined. A good manager needs to nurture the skill of perfection in that he or she values the ideas and opinions of every stakeholder within the organization in decision making (Cornelissen, 2014). I have also learned that it is mandatory for managers to formulate excellent communication skills while interacting with the subordinates. Also, I have learned that for communication to be complete, there must be the communicator and the listener of the information being passed. Another revelation was that when information is being sent from one level to another, it follows a given channel which when distorted then the message will not serve the desired purpose. The barriers of communication include noise, language barrier, and inactive listening (Conrad and Newberry, 2012). Further, I observed that organizations are divided into various levels of management where different communication approaches are employed. Mostly, the bottom-up communication method is used by employees and the subordinate staff when giving suggestions to the top level management or when passing complaints (Robles, 2012). I understood that top-down communication approach is used by top management when issuing instructions and orders to the subordinates. From the case study analysis, supervisors should be time sensitive when responding to chaos and solving conflicts within the workplace. If she employed proper communication skills in the allocation of roles, this would have taken less time. Communication of relevant information should be passed promptly, and this improves the effectiveness of work performance (Cornelissen, 2014). Also, my reflection from the team I was allocated to work with is that adoption of effective communication policy assists team members in working with unity and in the same direction. However, ineffective communication plan when working in a team may result in reduced production (Boud, 2013). For example, when calling for a meeting, it is important to use a means of communication that is accessible to every team member otherwise people may not show up due to lack of information. Again, in the allocation of duties, a proper means of communication is required to enable every team member to undertake his role accordingly. Team leaders must possess excellent communication skills both verbally, non-verbally, and written. In conclusion, during my course work I had learned the meaning of business communication but with this experience, I have learned the importance of communication in the workplace and this time now in a more practical manner. Lastly, I will try to unlearn the previous concepts about communication and exhibit my new learning in effect so as to brand myself as an excellent communicator which would ultimately drive me to become a better manager. References Boud, D. (2013).Enhancing learning through self-assessment. Routledge. Conrad, D., Newberry, R. (2012). Identification and instruction of important business communication skills for graduate business education.Journal of Education for Business,87(2), 112-120. Cornelissen, J. (2014).Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Robles, M. M. (2012). Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), 453-465.